Myopia and Hypermetropia: Understanding the Common Eye Conditions
What is Myopia (Short-sightedness)?
Myopia, also known as short-sightedness or near-sightedness, is a refractive error that affects the shape of the eye. Myopic individuals have difficulty seeing objects located far away, while they can clearly see objects close to them. This condition arises when the eyeball is elongated, or when the cornea is too curved, causing light entering the eye to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
Causes and Risk Factors of Myopia
Myopia can be caused by various factors, including genetics, environmental influences, and excessive use of near vision activities. Children are at a higher risk of developing myopia if their parents have the condition. Spending prolonged periods reading, working on computers, or engaging in other close-up activities can also contribute to the development of short-sightedness.
What is Hypermetropia (Long-sightedness)?
Definition and Causes
Hypermetropia, also known as long-sightedness or far-sightedness, is another type of refractive error. In individuals with hypermetropia, light from near objects is not properly focused on the retina, resulting in blurry near vision while objects in the distance appear clearer. This condition occurs when the eyeball is too short, or when the cornea is flatter than normal, causing light entering the eye to focus behind the retina instead of directly on it.
Genetics and environmental factors, such as excessive near vision activities, can contribute to the development of hypermetropia. Certain health conditions, including cataracts and age-related macular degeneration, can also increase the risk of developing long-sightedness.
Treatment Options for Myopia and Hypermetropia
Both myopia and hypermetropia can be corrected using eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. The appropriate treatment option depends on the severity of the condition, the patient's lifestyle, and their visual preferences.
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